Abstract

Background: Acute bloody diarrhea, which is also called dysentery, is damaged of the intestinal mucosa, sepsis, and malnutrition. Shigella bacteria cause 50% of cases of dysentery; it is due to its ability to produce shiga toxin that can cause dysentery. In traditional medicine, dayak onions are commonly used as antibacterial agent to various infectious diseases. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to determine the antibacterial activities of the ethanolic extract of dayak onions, determine the value of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract against Shigella dysenteriae.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted through several processes: (i) Extraction of dried dayak onions and phytochemical screening of extract, (ii) the antibacterial activity test of ethanolic extract of dayak onions, and (iii) determination value of MIC and MBC by tube dilution method.
Results: The result showed that ethanolic extract of dayak onions has antibacterial activity against S. dysenteriae bacteria. This extract has MIC and MBC in the concentration range of 12–14% (w/v). The antibacterial activity of this extract derived from alkaloids, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, steroids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and quinones. Conclusion: The results of this research from the present investigation suggest that the extract of the studied plants can be used as potential leads to discover new drugs to control diarrhea infection.