Abstract

Backgr ound: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the modern pandemics. Evidence has emerged supporting the benefits of glycemic control as well as control of blood pressure and lipid levels in the prevention or delay in onset and severity of complications due to DM. Type 2 DM is a common secondary cause of dyslipidemia, in particular, if glycemic control is poor which, in turn, is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Glycosylated Hb (HbA1c) is a better indicator of blood glucose as compared to fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose. Aims and Objectives: (i) To know the prevalence of dyslipidemias associated with type 2 DM, (ii) To study the impact of the glycemic status on lipid profile in type 2 DM, (iii) To evaluate the efficacy of HbA1c as a marker of dyslipidemia in type 2 DM. Material and Methods: Patients having diagnosed with Type 2 DM with no clinical evidence of coronary artery disease and more than 40 years old were enrolled in the study. A detailed history with thorough systemic examination was carried out. Hemogram, urinalysis, fasting and blood sugar after 2 h of major meal, HbA1c, lipid profile, chest X-Ray, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram were performed.
Results: About 30% male patients and 47% female patients had HbA1c ≤8% while remaining had HbA1c >8%. 54% patients had low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) <100 mg/dl, 18% had LDL-C between 100 and 129, and 28% had LDL-C ≥130 mg/dl. 61% male patients had LDL-C <100 mg/dl, 18% had LDL-C between 100 and 129, and 21% had LDL-C ≥130 mg/dl. 41% female patients had LDL-C <100 mg/dl, 18% had LDL-C between 100 and 129, and 41% had LDL-C ≥130 mg/dl. Conclusion: HbA1c level showed the direct correlation with level of LDL-C, TG, and TC while it had negative correlation with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level in the form of patients with HbA1c level >8% had higher frequency of raised LDL, raised TC, raised TG and low HDL as compared to those with HbA1c ≤8%.