Abstract

Background: Non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and cancer have replaced communicable diseases as the leading cause of mortality in most parts of the world including India. Hypertension is a major public health problem in India which often results in coronary artery disease and stroke. As tribal populations are relatively isolated from the modern lifestyle, it is often hypothesized that their blood pressure is lower than the general population. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to describe the normal pattern of blood pressure and to assess the prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among a selected tribal population of Kerala.
Materials and Methods: The study was carried out among tribal settlements of Kannavam Area, Kannur District, Kerala. Using convenient sampling method, 300 individuals aged 18 years and above were selected. Pregnant women and those individuals who were not willing to participate were excluded from the study. Data on sociodemographic variables, physical activity, tobacco consumption, and alcohol intake were collected. Blood pressure was recorded and classified according to Joint National Committee - 8 criteria. Data entry and analysis was done on SPSS version 17.
Results: The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure was found to be 125.2 mmHg and 77.1 mmHg, respectively. Only 45.7% of the study individuals had normal blood pressure, and the rest had either hypertension or pre-hypertension. Increasing age, alcohol intake, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and central obesity were found to be significant factors responsible for high blood pressure. Conclusion: The tribal population’s mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure was similar to those of rural population of Kerala. A large proportion of the population had elevated blood pressure especially the elderly, thus necessitating annual screening in them. Alcohol intake and obesity were found to be associated with hypertension; hence, health education on harmful effects of alcohol and benefits of a balanced diet should be given to the tribal population.