Abstract

Background: Children constitute 40% of India’s population. They tend to suffer more frequently from illnesses, when compared with adults and elderly. Most of these illnesses are self-limiting. There are reports that these illnesses are treated inappropriately leading to polypharmacy. Children are more vulnerable to the various adverse events related to the use of drugs. Though many studies have been carried out to evaluate the drug prescribing pattern in adult patients, but similar studies in paediatric population are limited. Aims and
Objective: To evaluate the pattern of drug prescribing and dispensing in pediatric outpatient clinic in a rural tertiary-care teaching hospital using WHO Core drug use indicators.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the pediatric outpatient clinic of Swami Ramanand Teerth Rural (SRTR) Medical College, Ambajogai, Maharashtra, India. Data were collected by scrutinizing the prescriptions written by the treating physician in pediatric outpatient clinic, using WHO core drug use indicators and by interviewing parents of 300 children attending outpatient clinic. Result: The average number of drugs per prescription was 3.4 and actually dispensed was 2.5. Therewasahightrendofusingbrandnames(49.6%ofprescriptions)whileprescribingthangenericnames.Useofantibiotics (60.6% of prescriptions) was frequent, but injection use (0.8% of prescriptions) was very low. A high number of drugs prescribed (77.5%) conformed to WHO list of essential medicines for children and were dispensed (69%) by the hospital pharmacy. The parents’ understanding of the correct usage of drugs was low (59%), and only 10.5% of drugs were adequately labeled. The copy of an essential drugs list was not available. The availability of essential drugs was 75%. Conclusion: This study highlights the problem of overprescribing of antibiotics, inadequate labeling, and a trend toward polypharmacy. The prescribing from WHO list of essential medicines for children was fair; the use of injections was low. Interventions to rectify overprescription of antibiotics, use of brand names, and inadequate labeling of drugs is necessary to improve rational drug use.