Abstract

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired as well as community-acquired infections due to significant changes in microbial genetic ecology; as a result of indiscriminate use of antibiotics, the spread of multidrug resistance (MDR) is now a global problem. Its general resistance is due to a combination of factor. Several different epidemiological studies indicate that antibiotic resistance is increasing in clinical isolates. Objectives: The present study was conducted to find out the current antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of P. aeruginosa isolates obtained from various clinical samples at our tertiary care hospital.
Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in South Chhattisgarh, India, from June 2014 to May 2016. One hundred and ninety-eight clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa obtained from various clinical samples were studied. They were identified by routine standards and operative procedures, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, and the results were interpreted according to the CLSI guidelines. Quality control of the test was done by standards ATCC strain P. aeruginosa 27853. Data obtained were analyzed and presented in counts and percentage.
Results: Piperacillin-tazobactam was the most sensitive chemotherapeutic agent with 93% susceptibility rate, followed by imipenem 91% and levofloxacin 83.5%. Amikacin showed better susceptibility rate 78% when compared to that of gentamicin 53%; the susceptibility rate to cephalosporin and aztreonam was relative very low. Most of the P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from clinical samples such as pus 73, urine 42, and respiratory secretion 16, and sputum 26. Out of 198 clinical isolates, 34 (17%) clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were found to be MDR. Most of the MDR P. aeruginosa strains were isolates from pus, urine, and respiratory sample.
Conclusions: To prevent the spread of the resistant bacteria, it is critically important to have strict antibiotic policies in our country. There should be surveillance programs for the detection of MDR organisms in every locality. Infection control programs need to be implemented with quality control in every hospital.