Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming a serious health problem; the number of people with impaired renal function is rapidly rising. Progression of CKD is associated with having a number of complications, including thyroid dysfunction, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases.
Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate thyroid function and lipid profile in patients with CKD. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 90 patients with CKD at Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur (U.P.). Demographic features (age and sex) and medical history of diabetes mellitus, hyperten- sion, and cardiovascular diseases of each patient were noted, and blood samples (5 mL) were analyzed for serum urea, creatinine, glucose, free triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride.
Results: Thyroid dysfunction was found in 38.6% patients with CKD, the most common being subclinical hypothyroidism (27.2%), followed by overt hypothyroidism (8.1%), and subclinical hyperthyroidism (3.3%). Hypercholesterolemia, low HDL cholesterol, undesirable LDL cholesterol, and hypertriglyceridemia were observed in 34.4%, 34.1%, 35% and 36.6% patients, respectively. Patients with CKD withstages 4 and 5 had significantly higher risk of having thyroid dysfunction as compared to patients with stage 3. Significant risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with CKD included the presence of diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, undesirable LDL cholesterol, and being in stages 4 and 5 (as compared to stage 3).
Conclusions: Thyroid dysfunction, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL cholesterol, undesirable LDL cholesterol, and hyper- triglyceridemia were common in patients with CKD. Progression of CKD was accompanied by rise in hypothyroidism and cardiovascular disease.