Abstract

Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (M/XDR-TB) is an emerging field of interest that presents a lot of risk in the control of the disease worldwide, with having difficult and challenging issues regarding management. The prevalence of M/XDR-TB, in a community, mirrors the functional state and efficacy of tuberculosis control program and realistic attitude of the community toward implementation of such programs. The management of M/XDR-TB is diffi - cult, much expensive, and even more challenging in special situations such as pregnancy, breastfeeding, contraception, children, diabetes mellitus, renal insufficiency, liver disorders, seizure disorders, psychiatric disorders, and substance dependence, and it quite often leads to treatment failure.