Abstract
Cytomegalovirus(CMV)retinitisisacomplicationofpatientsinfectedwithhumanimmunodeï¬ciencyvirus(HIV)inadvance stage when CD4 count is less than 50 cells/cumm. Before the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), approximately30%ofpatientswithAIDSdevelopedCMVretinitis,whichdeclinedin75%ofcasesafterthestartofHAART. We report a case of CMV retinitis in an HIV-positive patient who developed it as a WHO clinical stage 4 condition representing clinical failure along with dramatic decrease in CD4 count due to immunological failure on failing ï¬rst-line HAART.